What impact will the political ineffectiveness of the super-rich at the ballot box have on the way the US is governed?

Among the losers in the United States this week are the super-rich, who spent unprecedented millions to evict President Barack Obama from the White House. The investing class turned sharply and vociferously against the President many of them had supported in 2008. On Tuesday night, the plutocrats lost their shirts.

"Boy, they threw away a lot of money, " Theda Skocpol, a Harvard professor, said. "It was very interesting to hear on Tuesday night about all the corporate jets packed in Logan Airport" for Mitt Romney's party in Boston.

One of the important questions in the United States today - and, eventually, in all democracies where income inequality has risen sharply, which is to say in pretty much all democracies - is what impact the political ineffectiveness of the superrich at the ballot box will have on how the country is actually governed.

According to Dr Skocpol, the answer will be determined partly by how we collectively choose to explain the President's second-term victory.

"There will be an attempt to downplay the role economic populism played, " Dr Skocpol said. "I would expect a lot of the Wall Street Democratic crowd to place the emphasis on social issues and immigration. There will be an effort to define it that way. "

To put it another way, one emerging explanation of Obama's victory will be that it was about demographics trumping economic policy. Whether that argument becomes the dominant narrative matters, because it will shape what sort of a governing mandate Obama is deemed to have won.

"He clearly got a mandate for using the government to build an opportunity for the middle class, " Dr Skocpol said. "He has a mandate for higher taxes on the wealthy. He has a mandate for Obamacare going forward. I think voters understand that these differences were clear. "

David Nasaw, a historian who has written biographies of Andrew Carnegie and Joseph P Kennedy - two influential plutocrats from earlier eras in US history - agrees.

"The media, with all due respect, is still frighteningly condescending to black and Latino voters, " Dr Nasaw said. "The black and Latino voters did not vote for Obama simply because he had a black skin. They voted for him because they thought his policies made more sense. "

"This is no longer a nation where white middle class suburbanites control the destiny of the country, " Dr Nasaw continued. "Black voters, Latino voters, young voters aren't going away, and they are going to vote their self-interest. Their self-interest is with a larger government and with a government that recognises that there has been, over the past couple of decades, a power grab by the wealthy, by corporate interests, by financial interests. "

What makes that mandate particularly powerful is the President's relationship with the 1 per cent during the 2012 election campaign. Much of Wall Street fell in love with Obama in 2008. The support of some of America's most admired and for ward-thinking financiers had particular impact during the Democratic primaries, when Obama, then a relatively obscure Illinois senator, needed all the backing he could get against Hillary Rodham Clinton.

When it comes to policy, Obama wasn't a particularly bad leader for the most affluent Americans, particularly those in the financial sector - incomes at the very highest levels have recovered much more swiftly from the financial crisis than those of the middle class, and the Troubled Asset Relief Program was essential for Wall Street.

But Obama was a severe disappointment when it came to the softer side of serving his wealthy supporters. The handwritten letters, White House photos and private policy discussions that are the accustomed quid pro quo for major donors did not happen.

The result was a business community that nursed something much more painful than a mere substantive disagreement with the President - its leaders felt personally disrespected.

That drove many of the President's political supporters to despair - would it be so hard, they wondered, for him to write a few thank-you notes? But he didn't, and he won anyway.

"The President really chafed at the idea that he needed to kiss the ring of Wall Street, " said Jacob Hacker, a Yale political science professor and leading thinker about the role of money in US politics. "He rightly resisted the calls to do that, and I think the result will embolden the President a bit. "

Dr Hacker believes that money continues to play a huge role in politics, particularly through lobbying around specific issues, and in races that have less national visibility, like many congressional contests. But over all, he sees in the results this week a vindication of the power of mass democracy. "It means that your votes matter, " Dr Hacker said. "If you can mobilise your voters, that is a pretty strong antidote to the role of money in politics."

The good news for Wall Street, for the 1 per cent, and for the United States as a whole, is that pretty much everyone expects the President to be magnanimous in victory.

"Obama is not going to turn into some Bolshevik, " Dr. Skocpol said. "He is going to try to work with the business community, as he always has. He is not going to be insulting them now;he's going to be inviting them to dinner. "